Balance sheet (Romania)
Quick answer
Financial statement showing a company's position at a point in time: assets = equity + liabilities.
Key takeaways
- Fixed assets - intangible, tangible, financial (equipment, buildings, licenses)
- Current assets - inventory, receivables (customers), cash and bank accounts
- Equity - share capital, reserves, result of the period
- Liabilities - suppliers, loans, tax and payroll liabilities
What the balance sheet is
The balance sheet is the financial statement showing the company's financial position at a point in time (usually 31 December), based on the fundamental equation: Assets = Equity + Liabilities.
Balance sheet structure
- Fixed assets - intangible, tangible, financial (equipment, buildings, licenses)
- Current assets - inventory, receivables (customers), cash and bank accounts
- Equity - share capital, reserves, result of the period
- Liabilities - suppliers, loans, tax and payroll liabilities
When it is prepared
- Annual balance sheet - mandatory, filed with the tax authority (legal deadline after year-end close)
- Interim reports - semi-annual for certain company categories
Link with the trial balance
The balance sheet is built from the trial balance at period end. If the trial balance is not reconciled (missing operations, wrong entries), the resulting balance sheet is wrong.
Why operational integration matters
A correct balance sheet depends on data completeness: all stock (WMS), all receivables (OMS/invoices), all collections (POS/bank) must be recorded. Disconnected systems produce incomplete balance sheets.
Real-world example
A distributor with 3 warehouses had stock discrepancies between WMS and accounting at every annual balance sheet, requiring manual adjustments of tens of thousands of RON. With CRMconnect syncing stock and invoices into accounts 371 and 411, the balance sheet reconciles automatically.
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Frequently asked
Difference between balance sheet and trial balance?+
The trial balance lists all account balances (a monthly working tool). The balance sheet is the official financial statement, structured by assets/equity/liabilities, usually prepared annually from the trial balance.
When is the annual balance sheet filed?+
Within the legal deadline after the financial year close (usually by the end of May for the previous year), with the Ministry of Finance via the tax authority platform.
What does "the balance sheet must balance" mean?+
Total assets = total equity + liabilities. If the two sides are not equal, there is an error in the records or trial balance.
Where CRMconnect fits
Related terms
Trial balance (Romania)
Monthly accounting summary that confirms debits equal credits and feeds every Romanian tax filing (D300, D394, D112, SAF-T).
FinanceProfit and loss statement
Financial statement showing a company's revenues, expenses and result (profit/loss) over a period.
FinanceGeneral journal (Romania)
Mandatory Romanian accounting register listing every economic transaction chronologically - the foundation of double-entry bookkeeping.
FinanceChart of accounts (Romania)
Structured list of all accounting accounts a company uses, organised by classes and groups per Romanian OMFP regulations.